200 basic knowledge of water treatment

This paper summarizes 200 basic knowledge of water treatment equipment. Although these knowledge are short, they are very practical, which will help you better write, study and work, and better understand the water treatment industry.

one point zero zero one × Type 7 resin is (strong acid cation exchange resin).  

2. Regular blowdown of boiler is mainly to discharge (water slag).   

3. The exchange process of ion exchanger is essentially the process of gradual downward movement of (working) layer.  

4. Strong and weak alkali resins are used together. Weak anion resin exchanges strong acid radical ions and strong anion resin exchanges (weak acid radical ions).

5. The chemical name of Na3PO4 is (trisodium phosphate).  

6. Filling ratio of anion and cation resin of mixed bed (anion: cation = 2:1).  

7. There are two ways of boiler blowdown: continuous blowdown and fixed blowdown.  

8. Heating temperature control range of anion resin regeneration solution (30 ~ 45 ℃).  

9. The resin layer of the running exchanger can be divided into failure layer, working layer and (protective layer).

10. When the weak alkali anion exchanger fails, the first leakage is (chloride ion).  

11. When the strong alkali anion exchanger fails, the first leakage is (hydrogen silicate).  

12. Surface adsorption and (mechanical retention) occurs after impurities in water contact with filter material during filtration.  

13. The total mass of the substances participating in the chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the substances generated after the reaction. This law is called (Law of conservation of mass).  

14. The unit of conductivity is（ μ S/cm）。   

16. The resin is composed of skeleton and (active group).  

17. Impurities in natural water are divided into suspended solids, colloids and (dissolved impurities) according to particle size.  

18. Dissolved oxygen corrosion occurs in thermal equipment, and the serious part is in the (water supply) system.  

19. Chemical oxygen demand is generally represented by the symbol (COD).  

20. The molecular formula of sulfuric acid is (H2SO4).  

21. There are two methods of feedwater deaeration: thermal deaeration and (chemical) deaeration.  

22. Ammonia is added to feed water to improve (pH of feed water) and prevent acid corrosion of pipeline caused by CO2.  

23 hydrazine is added to feed water to remove the oxygen corrosion of the pipeline caused by the residual oxygen after thermal deaeration of feed water.  

24. Safety generally refers to the state of (no danger, no accident).  

25. Work carried out at a place (2) meters above the ground shall be regarded as work at height.  

26. Main function of mixed bed backwashing (delamination of anion and cation resin).  

29. The resin model is 201 × 7, where 2 indicates that the resin is (strongly alkaline).  

30. In the mixed ion exchanger, the cation anion resin is layered by different density.

31. Anion resin shall prevent oil and (organic matter) pollution.  

32. In order to prevent the deterioration of anion resin, it is necessary to remove the (oxidant) from the influent.  

33. The work safety management policy determined in the work safety law is (safety first, prevention first).  

34. The regeneration process of ion exchange resin is actually the process of desalination and water production (reverse reaction).  

35. For motors that have been shut down for more than 15 days, contact the electrical operator to measure (insulation) before starting.  

36. For the metering pump with the speed of 200 ~ 400R / min, the vibration value shall be less than (0.15) mm.  

37. When the bearing temperature of pump motor exceeds (75) ℃, start the standby equipment and stop the operation of heating equipment.  

40. The basis for judging the end point of backwashing stratification of Cation Anion Resin in mixed bed is (there is an obvious stratification line for Cation Anion Resin).

41. If the boundary of backwashing and layering of Cation Anion Resin in the mixed bed is not obvious, the mixed bed shall be fed with 1 ~ 2% concentration of (NaOH) solution, and then layered again.  

42. After the new pump or overhauled pump is put into operation (2 weeks), if it is oil lubrication, the oil should be changed once, and the solid oil lubrication should be supplemented once. In the future, the oil should be changed once every (3 months). This work should be completed by the operation notice maintenance.  

43. The vibration of centrifugal pump with speed less than 1800 rpm shall be less than (0.7 mm), and the vibration of centrifugal pump with speed between 1800-4500rpm shall be less than (0.06 mm).  

44. The main factors affecting the operation of the filter are backwashing time, intensity, (filtration speed) and (water flow uniformity).

45. The main factors affecting the effect of coagulation treatment are: water temperature, pH value of water, (dosage), raw water quality and contact medium.  

46. The water quality index of demineralized water is: yd (≈ 0 μ mol/L），SiO2（≤20 μ g/L），DD（≤0.2 μ S/cm）， 

47. During low phosphate treatment, the phosphate content is controlled at (0.5 ~ 3mg / L), the pH value is controlled at (9.0 ~ 9.8), and the conductivity is controlled at (60us / cm).  

48. Low phosphate treatment can reduce or eliminate the phenomenon of boiler (phosphate hiding).

49. When the dosing metering pump is started, it must be opened first (outlet valve) and then (start the pump).  

50. When the dosing metering pump is stopped, the (stop) button must be pressed before closing (outlet valve).  

51. There are two ways of blowdown: regular blowdown and continuous blowdown.  

52. The purpose of ammonia dosing treatment of water supply is (to improve the pH value of water supply and prevent carbon dioxide corrosion of water supply pipeline).

54. When the on-line conductivity meter measures the quality of feedwater, condensate and steam, the water sample shall be treated first (hydrogen ion exchange column).  

55. Regular blowdown shall be carried out at intervals specified in boiler operation regulations. Regular blowdown shall be carried out by (boiler) discipline and supervised by (Chemistry) discipline.  

56. During normal operation, adjust the dosage of ammonia dosing pump in time according to the pH value of feed water, and control the pH value of feed water within the range of (8.8 ~ 9.3).  

57. There are two main reasons for steam pollution: one is (carried by machinery) and the other is (carried by dissolution).

58. During the regeneration of floating bed, the direction of regeneration liquid is (from top to bottom), which can better ensure that the resin layer is in a stable and solid state than that of fixed bed, and there will be no (disordered layer) phenomenon.  

59. When the dry resin begins to infiltrate, it is not suitable to soak it in pure water. Generally, it is usually soaked in saturated salt water to prevent the resin from cracking due to swelling.  

60. The continuous drain pipe is generally installed at the place below the normal water level (200 ~ 300mm) of the steam drum.  

61. The iron removal filter of process condensate intercepts suspended impurities with the help of (porous filter element). When the resistance increases to a certain value, it is backwashed with (water and air).  

62. There are two methods to remove dissolved gas in water (thermal deoxidation method) and (chemical method). 63. Our unit (ultrafiltration) and (reverse osmosis) share a set of chemical cleaning system. 64. "Two tickets" refer to (work ticket) and (operation ticket).  

65. During mixed bed regeneration, if the backwashing stratification is not obvious, a small amount of (alkali) can be added appropriately.  

66. Ro chemical cleaning of reverse osmosis is divided into alkali cleaning and acid cleaning.  

67. The amount of resin filled in the exchanger is usually calculated by the product of the volume of resin filled in the exchanger and (wet apparent density).  

69. Generally speaking, hardness includes (carbonate) hardness and (non carbonate) hardness

70. When the anion bed has been put into operation, open (exhaust valve) and (water inlet valve) before starting the mixed bed. After the water is discharged, open the mixed bed (lower discharge valve) and close the air exhaust valve. When the water quality is qualified, open (water production valve) and close (lower discharge valve) for operation.  

71. Untreated water is called (raw water), and water that removes calcium, magnesium and other hard salts from water is called (softened water).  

73. The chemical water treatment unit monitors the TOC of process condensate, and the unqualified water is directly discharged to (wastewater collection tank) and does not enter the subsequent treatment system.  

75. Activated carbon filter mainly adsorbs (organic matter) and (residual chlorine) in water.   

77. The indicators characterizing steam quality are (silicon) and (sodium).  

81. There are two treatment methods of make-up water in power plant (chemical treatment) and (heating treatment).  

82. Coagulation test generally requires to determine (optimal dosage) and (optimal pH value).  

83. When the anion bed has been put into operation, open (exhaust valve) and (water inlet valve) before starting the mixed bed. After the water is discharged, open the mixed bed (lower discharge valve) and close the air exhaust valve. When the water quality is qualified, open (water production valve) and close (lower discharge valve) for operation.  

84. Filtration can be divided into (mechanical filtration) and (adsorption filtration).

85. Low phosphate treatment is applicable to the treatment of water supply (without hardness for a long time).  

88. Low phosphate treatment can reduce or eliminate the phenomenon of boiler (phosphate hiding).  

89. Purpose of using acid mist absorber (to avoid environmental pollution).  

90. Sampling devices for deaerated water, feed water, boiler water, steam and drainage must be installed (cooler).

91. The continuous blowdown rate of the boiler shall not be less than (0.30%).  

92. The purpose of continuous blowdown is to discharge (suspended impurities) and (boiler water with high salt content) from the boiler water.  

93. When the inlet water temperature of reverse osmosis is high, the desalination rate will (decrease) and the recovery rate will (increase); when the inlet water temperature is low, the recovery rate will (decrease).

94. In order to prevent the loss of resin in the ion exchanger, a (resin trap) is generally installed on the water outlet pipeline of the mixed bed as a preventive measure.  

95. In reverse osmosis, the function of semi permeable membrane is to allow only the penetration of (water), but not the penetration of (salt) ions or molecules.  

96. The self-cleaning filter is a fully imported product, which can operate automatically only by controlling the power supply. When the operation reaches a certain (time) or (pressure difference), it can use (self produced water) for backwashing by itself. During backwashing, the raw water pump (continues to operate) without any change or stop.  

97. "Three violations" refers to: illegal command, illegal operation, (violation of labor discipline).  

98. The items supervised during the normal operation of anion bed are generally the conductivity and (silicon content) of effluent.  

99. For anion exchanger, the greater the influent (acidity), the better.  

100. (pneumatic diaphragm valve) is composed of diaphragm valve and pneumatic actuator.  

101. The key reason for the poor regeneration of mixed ion exchanger is the poor effect (backwashing and stratification).  

102. PH value is the negative logarithm of (H -) concentration.  

103. The unqualified dissolved oxygen in feed water can be considered as the poor operation condition of (deaerator).  

104. The water pump does not supply water, and the indication of the outlet pressure gauge is large. After eliminating the cause of the valve, it should be considered that the (outlet pipe) is blocked.  

105. The main reason for the deterioration of cation resin is that it is easy to be eroded by (oxidant). 106. The greater the water permeability of reverse osmosis membrane, the greater its (desalination rate). 107. When selecting ion exchange resin, the more uniform the resin (particle) is, the better. 108. The wet true density of cation resin is often lower than that of anion resin.  

109. For the boiler drum, if the water quality is poor, it will cause scaling, salt accumulation and (metal corrosion) and other faults of the water vapor system.  

110. For ammonia dosing treatment of water supply, the amount of ammonia (too large) may cause corrosion of copper pipes.  

111. When the boiler load increases sharply, PO43 - in boiler water decreases and phenolphthalein alkalinity increases, which is due to the temporary (disappearance) of salts.  

112. When the cation exchanger fails, the conductivity will temporarily (decrease).  

113. The pH value of demineralized water is generally between (6.5-7.5).  

115. Generally speaking, the chemical stability of anion resin is worse than that of cation resin.  

116. The smaller the crosslinking degree value of ion exchange resin, the greater the moisture content of resin and the stronger the anti pollution performance.  

117. Phosphate treatment can both prevent corrosion and (scale prevention).  

118. When the pH of water is ≥ 8.3, it indicates that there is no CO2 in natural water.  

119. The color of ion exchange resin becomes darker after it is polluted by iron, aluminum and their oxides.  

120. In natural water, the most common metal ions that form the hardness of water are (Ca2 +, Mg2 +).  

121. In natural water, the alkalinity of water is mainly composed of (HCO3 -) salts.  

122. Substances usually have three aggregation states, namely (solid), (liquid) and (gas). Under certain conditions, these three states can be transformed into each other.  

123. The reaction between acid and alkali to form salt and water is a (neutralization) reaction.  

124. The solution consists of (solvent) and (solute).  

125. The solution that can resist the change of pH when adding strong acid or strong base is called (buffer solution).  

126. PH = 7 indicates that water is (neutral), pH < 7 indicates that water is (acidic), and pH > 7 indicates that water is (alkaline).  

127. The smaller the pH value, the higher the (hydrogen) ion concentration.  

128. In redox reaction, the substance that loses electrons is called (reductant), and the substance that obtains electrons is (oxidant).  

129. The pH value of the solution is equal to its (negative pair) number (hydrogen ion concentration).  

130. The floating bed is filled with a certain height of inert white ball to protect the resin and prevent the broken resin from blocking the water outlet device.  

131. When the inlet and outlet water pressure difference of the floating bed reaches (0.2) MPa or above, the resin shall be cleaned.  

132. After the boiler is ignited, when the pressure rises to (1.0MPa), start the phosphate dosing pump and start dosing the boiler water. When the boiler water has hardness, the content of phosphate in the boiler water should be controlled at (upper limit).  

133. After the boiler is ignited, when the pressure rises to (1.0MPa), the continuous blowdown is put into operation; If the boiler water is muddy by visual inspection, it shall be properly (scheduled discharge).  

134. During normal operation, the oil level in the oil chamber of the metering pump should be (1 / 3 to 2 / 3) of the oil window.  

135. The online instrument cabinet is equipped with automatic thermostatic device to maintain the water sample temperature at (25 + 2 ℃).  

136. When the unit is started, the impurity content of each water sample is high, and the steam and water shall be sampled (blowdown).  

137. Add ammonia liquid to the feed water (deaerator downcomer).  

138. When the unit operates normally, the ammonia dosing pump shall maintain (continuous) operation.

139. When the stroke of the ammonia dosing pump is adjusted to be very small, but the pH value of the feed water is still high, the operator shall dilute the ammonia solution in the ammonia solution tank (add water to dilute).  

140. There are two main reasons why steam is polluted: one is, and the other is (carried by dissolution).  

141. Increasing the regeneration liquid (temperature) can increase the degree of regeneration, mainly to speed up the internal diffusion and membrane diffusion.  

142. The conductivity of water sample has a certain relationship with the temperature of water sample. As the temperature of water sample increases, the conductivity of water sample will (increase), and as the temperature of water sample decreases, the conductivity of water sample will (decrease).  

143. The speed and slowness of the reaction are not only related to the chemical properties of the reactants themselves, but also related to the reaction conditions (temperature), (concentration), (catalyst) and so on.  

144. Boiler blowdown rate refers to the percentage of blowdown water in (boiler evaporation).  

145. The anti scaling treatment of cooling water usually adopts (water quality stabilization treatment).  

146. With the increase of boiler pressure, the solution carrying capacity of saturated steam (increases)

147. The ability of saturated steam to dissolve silicon compounds is related to (boiler pressure).  

148. When the scale sample is dissolved with sulfuric acid, the dissolved solution is blue, and this scale is (copper scale).  

149. For static sodium determination, it is best to use calomel electrode filled with (0.1mol / L) KCl solution.  

150. (metal corrosion rate) one of the important evaluation of chemical cleaning effect.  

151. Boiler water is heated into saturated steam in (water wall tube).  

152. Water in the production process of power plant mainly plays the role of heat transfer and (cooling).  

153. Superheated steam refers to steam (pressure greater than 1 atmospheric pressure).  

154. The function of the chemical sampling thermostat is (to make the analysis results accurate).  

155. In the flue gas discharged from thermal power plants, the main pollutant causing air pollution is (sulfur dioxide).  

156. The hardness of natural water is (somewhat reduced) after coagulation treatment.  

157. As the temperature and pressure of water increase, the amount of air dissolved in water will (decrease).  

158. When the cation bed is regenerated with sulfuric acid, precipitation (calcium sulfate) will be produced when the sulfuric acid concentration is high.  

159. Floating bed resin shall be cleaned (outside).  

160. The water used for resin transportation in floating bed is (demineralized water).  

161. When the water pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the floating bed increases, the resin shall be (cleaned).  

162. The floating bed regeneration adopts the (countercurrent regeneration) mode.  

163. When the content of (chlorine) in water is large, it will have an adverse impact on cation exchange resin.  

 

164. Sodium hydroxide solution often contains a small amount of (sodium carbonate).  

165. Glass containers cannot contain (strong alkali).  

166. Chemical oxygen consumption is an indicator of water (organic concentration).  

167. Drainage refers to the steam condensate in (various steam pipelines) and steam consuming equipment.  

168. Alkaline water refers to water with alkalinity greater than (hardness).  

169. After titration, if there are drops hanging outside the mouth at the lower end of the burette, the titration result is (on the high side).  

170. When different types of resins are mixed together, they can be used for simple separation.  

171. In case of electric shock, immediately (cut off the power supply) and then carry out rescue.  

172. When measuring the conductivity of water samples with on-line conductivity meter, it is often measured after passing through (hydrogen ion exchange column).  

173. Thermal power generation is the generation of electricity by converting (thermal energy) into mechanical energy.  

174. It is (strong alkali anion resin) that can effectively remove silicon compounds from water.  

175. The color of acid-base indicator changes with the change of solution (pH value).  

176. Elements are the general name of the same kind of atoms with the same (nuclear charge number).  

177. The main production systems of thermal power plant are water and steam system, electrical system and (coal handling system).  

178. When filling in the record report, the filling should be clear and the handwriting should be clear. It is not allowed to use (pencil) to fill in.  

179. The water yield of reverse osmosis is directly proportional to the temperature of inlet water.  

180. Increasing the temperature of regeneration solution can increase the degree of regeneration, mainly because it accelerates the speed of (internal diffusion and membrane diffusion).  

190. The pH value of reverse osmosis outlet water is generally (about 6).  

191. After the resin is dehydrated, it should be soaked in 10% salt water handle.  

192. In the desalination system, in order to remove all cations except H + in water, the strong acid H-type ion exchange must stop operation immediately when (Na +) exceeds the standard.  

193. When the mixed bed starts to make water after regenerative cleaning, the effluent conductivity (decreases very fast).  

194. The counter current regeneration ion exchanger is characterized by (good effluent quality).  

195. In the blast type carbon remover, water and air enter from the carbon remover (upper part) and air from (lower part).  

196. The function of the compacted layer resin of the counter current regeneration ion exchanger is (to prevent the layer from being disordered during regeneration).  

197. When the heart of the person who gets an electric shock stops beating, the method of (extrathoracic heart compression) should be used for rescue.  

198. When engaged in acid-base operation, operators shall wear (acid and alkali resistant) gloves.  

199. In case of acid burn, rinse with (5% sodium bicarbonate) solution.

200. The gauge pressure should be equal to (absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure).